Life saving-cost effective-Organ transplants in India.| CMCS Health.

Life Saving-Cost Effective-Organ Transplant in India | CMCS Health

Today India is one of the leading destinations in Asia for Life Saving - Cost Effective -Organ Transplants in India. Total transparency in proceedings ,Ethical modus operandi,Globally at par competency and expertise of Doctors and paramedical staffs,modern and well equipped treatment centers have made India the sought after country among the global population for an organ transplant.

The history of  Kidney transplant in India dates back to 1970's and since then India has consolidated its position not only among the natives but among the people from all across the Globe.The beginning of Kidney transplant surgery in India in the first few years of it's inception was involved with grooming of surgical skills and mastering the immunosuppression for acceptance of  the newly transplanted graft in the recipient and minimizing the graft rejection.With passage of time,the success rates achieved with advent of newer immunosuppressive medications and growing in expertise of surgery skills are phenomenal.

As all the new beginnings are surrounded by controversies ,the live donor organ transplants program was also marred by the news of organ trading and commercialization from many quarters.

Indian Government on  it's part passed the The transplantation of human organ act (THO) to curb the menace and regulate the live donor organ transplants in India which made the selling and purchasing of humans organ for transplant a crime and approved cadaveric organ transplant after the brain death of a healthy person as a viable option for the patients advised an organ transplant by the medical specialists.

Since the cadaveric donation is still in a nascent stage there is a huge shortfall or gap in the demand and supply for patients seeking an organ transplant to overcome an end stage disease of kidney,liver, bone marrow,lung,heart or pancreas.

Certain amendments have been made since then by the government to regulate the organ transplantation for end stage diseases. The New amendments allow a live donor organ transplant from close relatives with strict guidelines.

As per the new ruling of the government of India, for regulating the Organ transplant in india following parameters are to be met:

For a live donor Kidney or Liver Transplant the Following people are considered as related donors:

The blood relative who are allowed to donate for a end stage organ failure patient are Mother,father,son,daughter,brothers and sisters and a husband/wife. After much deliberations Grandparents and grandchildren are also included in list of blood relatives.A DNA /HLA test is done to determine the relationship of donor and recipient along with other legal documentations for proving them to be blood relative,in front of Government of India appointed Organ transplant committee for approval.

In case there is no blood relative available for a patient,other relatives may also be considered as live donor with proper documentation and proofs of their being relatives and that the donation is being done only because of altruism and affection and no financial gain for the donor or pressure of any sort is put on the donor. Again the donor and recipient have to appear in front of Government of India appointed organ transplant committee for approval with all relevant documentation and a personal interview.

Cadaveric Donations have still not picked up as desired and there is a huge gap between the recipients waiting for a donated organ and cadaveric donations. Now because of awareness created by certain NGO's and government bodies the cadaveric donations have very slowly started picking up,but still the gap between demand and supply is mammoth.

Doctors ascertain that for a Live donor Kidney transplant , the donor have to be a healthy individual between the age of 18 years to 55 years.

The renowned Kidney disease and kidney transplant specialist of India ascertain the risk and post donation life of a live Kidney donor as safe and without any foreseen complications. The risk for live donor's single Kidney going bad are similar to that of a person with both kidneys.

For a Live Donor Liver Transplant, The Leading Liver Disease specialist and Liver transplant surgeons  insist that the liver functions are restored in the live donor within 3 to 6 weeks of the donation to almost full functionality of prior to donation.

A through screening of the donor before transplant,ensures that there is no abnormal risk to donor and post donation life of the donor.

The expertise of doctors and post transplant Paramedic and ICU staff,well equipped and well managed hospitals have made the live donor kidney and liver transplant  see a success rate of almost 95%, with no major or abnormal risk to life and post donation life for the donor.

Male Infertility treatment in India | Best IVF Centers in India | CMCS Health.

Male Infertility treatment In India |  Best IVF centers in India | CMCS Health.

The common perception among societies and communities is that Infertility affects generally the female partner and it is the female partner that requires treatment for Infertility problem.Men used to avoid being assessed for treatment of infertility in a couple.Whereas the scientific studies point out that in almost 50% of the cases of infertility it is the male partner that requires medical treatment. At CMCS Health , we are associated with best andrologist and urologist of India for Male Infertility treatment in India | Best IVF Centers in India.

As the successful pregnancy depend on both male and female partner,the infertility in a couple may also be because of either the male or female partner and sometimes both. 

A perfectly healthy male with capability of maintaining an erection and proper copulation with the female partner may also face infertility.

The male infertility factors can be broadly classified as:

Formation of healthy sperm: 

For a healthy pregnancy the male partner's body need to produce enough healthy sperm to fertilize the ovum after a successful pregnancy intended copulation.Sperms are formed in testicles ,which are two in numbers and are contained in a sack called scrotum.

A properly formed and functioning Male reproductive system: 

The healthy and normal sperms produced in testicles are transported and stored in the two epididymis tubes connected with testicles. During coupulation and just before male ejeculation the sperms are transferred from epididymis to Vas Deferens. Each vas deferens joins the ejaculatory duct from the seminal vesicle. At the climax of copulation and during ejaculation the sperm is mixed with fluid from prostate and seminal vesicles to form the semen. At the climax of copulation this semen is passed through the urethra and discharged as an ejuculate in the cervex of female partner and travels to the fallopian tube,where it meets the ovum or female egg and fertilizes the ovum to make a pregnancy occur.Any obstruction in these tubes or absence of the tubes itself may be the cause of male infertility.

cryptorchidism is absense of either one or both tescicles from scrotum or undescended testicle.

Improper Erection or erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation not allowing proper copulation.
hypospadias that is urethral opening beneath the pineal gland is an anatomical abnormality also affects male infertility.

Certain Medical Conditions: 

Like Varicocele, which is swelling in veins that drains the testicles.

Infections that may hamper sperm production,scarring the passageway of sperm,causing epididymitis or orchitis.

Both Benign or Malignant Tumors can also be the cause of male infertility as they may cause hormonal imbalance and hamper formation and quality of sperm.Radiation,surgery and chemotherapy to treat malignant tumors may also cause male infertility.

Injury to spine or a surgery to spine may also be one of the affecting factor for Male Infertility.

Surgery:

Certain surgeries like Vasectomy,Inguinal Hernia repair surgery,prostate surgery,abdominal surgeries performed for treatment of colorectal or testicular cancers may prevent sperm ejaculation.

Hormonal Imbalance:

Impaired hormonal secretion from Hypothalamus,pituitary,thyroid or adrenal glands may hamper infertility in a man. Hyperprolactinemia,Low Testosterone as a consequence of not proper stimulation by LH of Leydig cells in testes.

Substance Abuse:

Smoking,excessive alcohol consumption,prolonged usage of Marijuana or other recreational drugs,Anabolic steroid usage in athletes and bodybuilders may also contribute to male factor infertility.

Certain Medications:

Chemotherapy for cancer treatment,certain antifungal preparations,some anti ulcerant drugs,testosterone replacement therapy and prolonged anabolic steroids may have adverse effect on male fertility.Arthritis,blood pressure medicines and antidepressants medicines also have bad effect on male infertility.

Lifestyles:

Excessive stress,Wearing too tight clothes,overly intense exercise, emotional well being and being obese or overweight also have an impact on male factor infertility. Malnutrition and anemia are also factors for male infertility.Diets low in Vitamin C and Zinc deficiency are other factors affecting male infertility.

Environmental Cause:

Extremely hot working conditions or elevated temperature in scrotum,may be because of long sitting hours at work,too much working on computers,exposure to industrial chemicals and toxins such as lead,paint,pesticides,heavy metals,exposure to mercury,benzene and boron,Exposure to radiation and radioactive substances can have a derogatory effect on male infertility.

Genetic Factors:

Genetic disorders such as Klinefelters's syndrome if not treated at an early stage may cause irreversible damage to male infertility.The symptoms are small peanut sized testicles and enlarged breasts.Other genetic factors may include Cystic Fibrosis,Kartagener's Syndrome and Kallmann's syndrome also affect male infertility.

Diagnosis of Male Infertility:

A complete Medical history with any past and present sickness,childhood history of mumps,diabetes,any previous surgery,present and past medications will help the clinician in assessing the cause of infertility. A physical examination,Radiological and pathological investigations are also recommended.

A detailed semen analysis for quantity and quality of sperm is done.Scrotal ultrasound is done to rule out varicoceles.or any other physical anomaly.Transrectal ultrasound,testicular biopsy and hormonal assessment is done to decide the treatment course for male factor infertility.

Male Infertility Treatment in India | Best IVF centers in India.

Treatment of Male Infertility depends on the findings of causes.It may involve advise for change in lifestyles,medical management through medicines and hormonal injections, corrective surgeries and assisted conception techniques like ICSI or IMSI.

Lifestyle Changes:

Your Fertility specialist may ask you to make certain changes in your life styles like reducing weight in obese people,quitting smoking,Moderation in alcohol consumption ,starting physical exercises to improve blood circulation etc.

Medical management:

Treatment for Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism a hormonal deficiency affecting normal sperm formation and quality and quantity of sperm is corrected by cycles of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophins (hCG) injections,in some cases of congenital causes FSH (Follicle stimulating Hormones ) are added in the cycles following hCG.Serum testosterone and semen analysis is done regularly during the cycles.
Patients who do not respond to hCG/FSH therapy may be treated with GnRH intravenous or subcutaneous administration.
Hyperprolactinemia is being treated with Tablets of Bromocriptine or Cabergoline.

Surgical Interventions:

Surgical interventions may be used for correction of any anatomical abnormality or blockade or for varicoceles.Surgery may also be performed for correction of retrograde ejaculation.

Testicular Biopsy is done for knowing the cause of Male Infertility.

TESA(Testicular sperm aspiration) and PESA( Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) are surgical procedures performed by a urologist for aspiration of sperms for Assisted conception procedures like IVF , ICSI Or IMSI.

Video courtesy ViseosAndrofert-YouTube-for a better understanding by the blog reader.

Another Procedure TESE (Testicular sperm extraction) involves a small surgery to take out some tissues from within the testicles.

All TESA,PESA and TESE are done under local anaesthesia to avoid pain and discomfort for the man. 

Assisted Conception:

when normal conception is not giving results for male infertility doctors may recommend assisted conception or In Vitro fertilization IUI,IVF,ICSI or IMSI for the couple.

IUI is intrauterine insemination.In IUI fast sperms are separated from sluggish or non moving sperm. If IUI does not yield pregnancy,doctors may recommend more advanced IVF procedures.

IVF is in vitro Fertilization that is fertilization takes place outside the female partner's body.

Doctors stimulate the female partner with hormonal preparations for OVUM retrieval  and sperms obtained from the male partner are used to fertilize the ova or ovum and fertilized ovum or Embryo is then transferred in the female partner's womb for the pregnancy to grow.

ICSI and IMSI are assisted conception techniques involving a single sperm being injected inside Ovum and then fertilized ovum or embryo are transferred in the female partner's womb.

If the sperm can not be obtained from the male partner,donor sperm can be used either with IUI or IVF procedures for pregnancy.